Endoscopy Doctors
Endoscopy is a medical technique used to examine the inside of the body. During an endoscopic procedure, an endoscope is used to inspect the interior of a cavity or organ. Unlike other medical imaging methods, endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ. There are many types of endoscopes. Depending on the body area and type of procedure, endoscopy can be performed by a physician or surgeon. During the procedure, the patient may be fully conscious or under anesthesia.
Endoscopy is often used to examine the upper gastrointestinal tract, commonly known as esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Similar devices used for non-medical purposes are called borescopes.
History: The illuminated endoscope was first developed in 1894 by Dr. John Macintyre at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary (Scotland) for investigating bleeding.
Indications for endoscopy:
- Investigation of gastrointestinal symptoms: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing, gastrointestinal bleeding.
- Confirming diagnoses via biopsy: anemia, bleeding, inflammation, gastrointestinal cancers.
- Therapeutic interventions: cauterization of bleeding sources, dilation of a narrow esophagus, removal of polyps or foreign bodies.
Specialized organizations recommend endoscopy for patients with Barrett’s esophagus and other esophageal conditions.
Main risks of endoscopy:
- Infection
- Excessive sedation
- Perforation or tearing of the stomach/esophagus lining
- Bleeding
Perforation usually requires surgery, though in some cases it can be managed with antibiotics and IV fluids. Biopsy or polyp removal may cause minor bleeding, which can usually be controlled locally.
Other risks include drug reactions and complications related to the patient’s other medical conditions. Patients must inform the doctor of all allergies and health issues.
After the procedure, the patient is monitored in the endoscopy room or recovery area. Mild sore throat or bloating may occur. Most patients can return to a normal diet within a few hours. If sedation was used, most facilities require a companion to take the patient home, and the patient should not drive for the rest of the day. Patients undergoing unsedated endoscopy may leave independently.
